24P2Q06

6a)

Most α-particles pass straight through, implying most of the atom is empty space.

All the mass and charges are concentrated in a tiny volume in the centre, called the nucleus.

This is the only way to explain how those α-particles that pass near the nucleus can experience such strong electrical repulsion that they are turned back by the nucleus.

6b)

\displaystyle \begin{aligned}\text{initial KE + EPE}&=\text{final KE+EPE} \\1.23\times {{10}^{-12}}+0&=0+(8.99\times {{10}^{9}})\frac{(2e)(79e)}{d} \\d&=2.96\times {{10}^{-14}}\text{ m}  \end{aligned}

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