13.1 VOLTAGES
13.1.1 Water Pump Analogy
13.1.2 Electromotive Force (emf)
13.1.3 Potential Difference (PD)

13.2 CURRENT
13.2.1 Water Flow Analogy
13.2.2 Net Flow of Charges
13.2.3 Conventional Current
13.2.4 Drift Velocity

13.3 RESISTANCE
13.3.1 Water Hose Analogy
13.3.2 Lattice Collision
13.3.3 Ohm’s Law
13.3.4 Resistivity

13.4 POWER
13.4.1 Derivation of P=VI

13.5 NON-IDEAL BATTERY
13.5.1 Internal Resistance and Terminal Potential Difference
13.5.2 Maximum Efficiency
13.5.3 Maximum Power Theorem

13.6 I-V CHARACTERISTIC GRAPH
13.6.1 I-V Characteristic Graph
13.6.2 Ohmic Devices
13.6.3 Filament
13.6.4 NTC Thermistor
13.6.5 Light-Dependent Resistor
13.6.6 Diode

13.7 DC CIRCUITS
13.7.1 Resistors in Parallel and Series
13.7.2 Potential Divider Principle
13.7.3 Potential Divider Circuits
13.7.4 Solving Circuit Problems

13.8 SLIDE WIRE POTENTIOMETER
13.8.1 Basic Circuit
13.8.2 More Complicated Circuits

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